Incontinence Associated Dermatitis
Anyone who lives with incontinence is also at risk of developing uncomfortable skin conditions such as Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD). Learn more about IAD, its causes and symptoms, and how to prevent it through our three-step process.
What is IAD?
Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD) is a condition that occurs when the skin is damaged as a result of exposure to urine and/or feces. Colloquially IAD is also known as diaper rash. Several factors may contribute to the development of IAD. These include infrequent change of incontinence pads (causing a moist environment), poor hygiene, use of non-breathable absorbent incontinence products, incorrect use of skin care products, or frequent use of soap, water, and rough washcloths and towels (causing excess friction).
The skin becomes more alkaline when exposed to urine and/or feces, allowing microorganisms to thrive which increases the risk of skin problems.
Symptoms of IAD
IAD typically appears as erythema (redness of the skin) ranging in color from pink to red.
The affected area usually has frayed edges and the skin may feel warmer and firmer due to the underlying inflammation.
Patients can experience symptoms ranging from discomfort and pain to insomnia and, if not treated, it can lead to secondary infections. These are disabling for the patient; treating them can be complicated, time-consuming, and expensive.
Patients with urinary and/or fecal incontinence should have their skin checked regularly, preferably daily, for any signs of IAD.
Differentiating IAD from pressure ulcers
Although IAD and pressure ulcers are clinically and pathologically different, differentiating them from each other remains a major challenge for nurses and caregivers.
If a wrong diagnosis is made, it can lead to suboptimal or wrong care and unnecessary costs. In addition, the preventive measures and treatments differ for the two conditions.